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F. I. ARNOLD.

CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11. 1916.

Patented June 17, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1 iViZness as F. I. ARNOLD.

CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED NOV. II, I916. 7- PatentedJune 17,- 191%;

5 SHEETSSHEET 3.

E 65,555." [72 2/6/1250)? Ag/ygmlbw fled [firm/old.

F. I. ARNOLD.-

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11. I916,

Patntmi June 17, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patnted June 17, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

F a} I I F. I. ARNOLD.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. It. 1916.

| I l I I 1k wirwJ/seai m] 4 FM '1 U NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRED I. ARNOLD, on NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR 'ro ROBERT L. MoELROY, orNEW YORK, N. Y.

'CABBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 17, 1919.

Application filed November '11, 1916. Serial No. 130,708.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FRED I. AnNoLD, a citizenof the United States, residing in New York, in the county of New Yorkand State of New York, have invented .certain new and usefulImprovements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to carbureters and among its main objects is toprovide a carbureter that is compact, symmetrical and of such design asto permit of the air and gasolene connections being swiveled in anydirection for convenient coupling and with the absence of any devicesfor control or adj ustment that project in a manner to become injuredand affect the operation of the carbureter; that is simple to installand can be quickly disassembled; that affords quick accessibility forcleaning; that has no parts moving with the motor; that can with greatfacility be quickly and accurately adjusted to produce a maximumefficiency, all of the air, gasolene and vapor passages having beenscientifically determined as to size and form so that their relation toeach other and as an entirety are productive of the best resultspossible to suit the various services that may be required of suchcarburet-er; that embraces a highly efiicient priming device; nd that isabsolutely secured from leakage of gasolene with its attendant dangersand dis advantages.

T hose and other features, capabilities and advantages of the inventlonWlll appear from the sub olned detail descrlptlon of one specificembodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which-Figure 1, is a side perspective view partially in section of my improvedform of carburetor.

Fig: 2 is a view thereof looking in the same direction as in Fig. 1,taken in central longitudinal vertical section.

Fig. 3-is a top-plan view thereof.

Fig. 4. is a section along the line of Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 5 is a section alongthc line Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a section along the line 6-6 of Fig. 2. I

Fig. 7 is a detached elevational view of the cylindrical valve.

Fig. 8 is a fragmental sectional view illustrating another position ofthe cylindrical valve similar to the sectional view thereof illustratedin Fig. 4.

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 illustrate diagrammatically three different positionsof the auxiliary air intake.

Figs. 12, 13 and 14 illustrate diagrammatically three differentpositions of the valve controlling the throttle outlet.

The embodiment illustrated comprises essentially four main portionswhich in construction are Preferably castings and for convenience ofdescription will be called the throttle outlet casting 15, the airintake casting 16, the Venturi tube casting 17, and the gasolenereservoir casting 18. On the casting 15 is mounted and secured the cover19, below which is located the cylindrical valve having anchored theretothe controlling fuel feed valve portion 21. The casting 16 is disposedbetween the castings 17 and 15 and is securely held therel'ie-tween; thecasting 18, as shown; having an opening 2:2 at its lower end throughwhich the lower end 23 of the casting 17, extends and to which lower end23, thesecuring nut 21 is screwthreadedly connected, such nut 24secure-1y locking the casting 18 to the casting 17.

The casting 15 is providedwith a chambered arm 25, the bore of whichgradually enlarges in its outward extent terminating in the mouth 26formed to be secured to the intake or manifold of an engine, the arm 25at such month 26 being provided with the ears 27 having screw openingsby means of which the casting 15 and thereby the carbureter itself maybe anchored in place for operation.

The'casting 15, Fig. 2. is furthermore pro vicled with a hood portion28, the arm '25 extending laterally therefrom. A cylindrical wall :29extends downward from the upper inner periphery of the hood 28. toprovide a mixing chamber for my carlmreter. the wall 29, terminating ina flange The wall 2i. is preferably provided with an opening 30 adjacentto and communicating with the arm the arm 25 being so connected to thewall 2) that communication is provided between the inside of the wall 29and the passage through said arm and no direct communication from thechamber formed between the wall 2 9 and hood :28 to the passage in saidarm 25. The wall 29 is provlded with another opening 31 which, in thepresent instance, is shown disposed diagrammatically opposite to theopening 30 and.

forms a communication from the annular chamber formed between the hood28 and wall 29 to the inside of said wall 29.

In the wall 29 and cotiperating therewith is a cylindrical valve 20which has a diminished cylindrical portion 33 extending upwardly throughthe central opening in the cover 19, a disk portion 34 extendinglaterally from the portion 33 and extending parallel to the cover 19,and having its outer periphery fit snugly within the inner periphery ofthe hood 28. The valve 20 also has a cylindrical wall 35 extendingdownwardly from the disk portion 34, the lower edge of which wall 35extends down into the recess formed in the flange 32 and forms a tightfit therewith. The wall 35 has large openings 36 and 37 cotiperatingwith the openings 30 and 31 respectively, the openings 36 and 37 beingso disposed that they will at the same time register with the openings30 and 31 in open position. The openings 36 and 37 as to form and sizehave been scientifically determined to produce the best resultspossible, with the result that the opening 36 is of the same width asthe opening 30 at one side but is diminished at its other end, thediminished portion extending upwardly, while the opening 37 is of thesame width as the opening 31 at One side but is diminished at its otherend, the diminished portion extending downwardly, the diminv ishedportions of the openings 36 and 37 extending in the same direction sothat the opening controlling the throttle outlet will be diminished andenlarged simultaneously with the diminution and enlargement of theopening controlling the auxiliary air intake. To prevent the entireshutting off of the opening to the throttle outlet, a plurality of smallopenings 38 are disposed in the cylindrical wall 35 (Figs. 12, 13 and14) adjacent to the upwardly extending diminished end portion of theopening 36 and extending laterally in a substantially straight line andin direction away from the opening 36, such openings 38 also being ofvarying size, disposed in such order that the largest is positionedadjacent to the upwardly extending diminished end portion of the opening36 and the smallest remote therefrom. From the latter it will be seenthat when the valve 20 is so actuated that both its openings 36 and 37will be out of registration with the openings 30 and 31 the openings 38will register with the opening 30 and then permit the engine to suck ina limited amount of air and gasolene.

A solid stem portion 39 of the controlling fuel feed valve ortion 21extends outwardly through the cy indrical portion 33 of the valveportion 20, the stem portion 39 having a cup-shaped portion 40 disposedbelow the disk portion 34 and serving to receive one end of the coilspring 41, the other end being seated in the cup-shaped portion formedby the collar 42 extending downwardly from the disk portion 34. By meansof this spring 41 the lower tapered portion 43 of the valve portion 21is held tightly in the tapering seat 44 in the casting 17, the collar 42being connected with the top of 20, and with the peripheral wall thereofby the sidewebs or partitions 42, shown in full lines illn Figs. 4 and8, and in dotted lines in The casting 17 has an upper funnel or conicalshaped member 45, the upper enlarged portion 47 of which is connected tothe flange 32 and the lower diminished portion 48 of which surrounds theseries of perforations 46 formed in the valve portion 21 above thetapered portion 43. The funnel or conical shaped member 45 is supportedby ribs 49 extending laterally therefrom to connect with the cup-shapedportion 50, conforming somewhat to the lower Outerperiphery of thefunnel or conical shaped member 45 and terminating in the upper flange51 to rest in the seat 52 formed in'the lower periphery of the body 53of the casting 16. Extending laterally from the cupshaped portion 50there is formed the hoodshaped member 54, the outer downwardly extendingportion 55 of which is provided with an inner annular recess 56 in whichthe upper edge 57 of the casting 18 rests.

The lower end of the cup-shaped portion 50 terminates in the portion 58forming the annular chamber 66, which portion 58 continues downwardlyinto the cylindrical portion 59 in which the tapered seat 44 is formed,the seat 44 forming the upper part of the bore 62, the lower end ofwhich is closed, the portion 59 however having an opening 60 in its sideforming a communication between the bore 62 and the interior of thecasing 18.

The valve portion 21 has a bore 61 extending upwardly from the lower endthereof to a point a little below the cup-shaped portion 40, theperforations 46 in the valve portion 21 forming communications betweenthe bore 61 and the interior of the funnel or conical shaped member 45as well as the interior of the cup-shaped portion 50. The lower end ofthe valve portion 21 is disposed a considerable distance above the lowerend of the bore 62.. The tapered portion 53 of the valve portion 21 isprovided with an involute channel 63 (see Fig. 5) which is adapted toregister with the opening 60, the channel extending substantiallyone-half the periphery of the' portion 43 and starting at one end at theouter eriphery of the portion 43 and gradual y ncreasing in diameter toterminate in the opening 64 extending from the periphery of the portion43 to the bore 61 thereof.

The tapered portion 43 is so formed relative to the tapered seat 44 thatthe perforation 46' formed in the valve portion 4 21 will be disposedsubstantially in alinement with the floor of the bowl or chamber 66, theother perforations 46 being disposed a considerable distance above thesame. This perforation 46 is so positioned that it will permit" theformation of a low level of gasolene, say one-eighth of an inch, whichwhen the engine is turned for starting will serve as the priming fuel onabout the line aa of Fig. 2.,

The casting 16 comprises essentially a main air inlet 65 formed into anoutwardl enlarging funnel, such inlet 65 being pre erably disposedadjacent to the openings 31 in the wall member 29, and the body portion53, the u per edge of which is provided with a seat 67 to receive thelower edge of the hood 28. From this it will be seen that the air comingin through the inlet 65 may pass up through the hood 28 and in throughthe opening 31 when the valve 20 is properly positioned and in additionpass down between the cup-shaped .portion and the funnel or conicalshaped member 45 to the constricted'end thereof and then upwardlv intothe expanded portion of the funnel oi conical shaped member, sucking ingasolene through the perforations 46 in its upward flight and thenpassing from the interior of the funnel or conical shaped member 45 intothe interior of the chamber formed by the valve wall 35 and from thereeither through the opening 36 when the valve is so positioned or throughthe openings 38 into the throttle outlet arm 25.

The casting 18 comprises essentiallya reservoir casing 68 having alateral extension .69 and a pet-cock 70 Fig. 5 disposed in its bottompreferably at a distance removed from the extension 69 and the nut 24.The extension 69 is provided with a channeled stem guiding member 71 atits upper end, a

needle valve seat 72 at its lower end, and below such seat 72 anextension 73 for connecting the extension 69 with the pipe connection ofa suitable supply of gasolene. The exten, sion 69 forms a constrictedchannel relative to the interior of the casing 68, the lower side ofwhich extension 69 is disposed a considerable distance above the lowerside of the casing 68. In the extension 69 adjacent to the casing 68there is disposed a shaft 74,

on which is fixed the lever 75, one end of.

which is fixed to the float 76, and the other end of which engages theslot 77 formed in the stem 78, the lower end of which stem 7 8 is formedinto a point 79 to cotiperate .with

the seat 72 and the upper end of which is slidably mounted in theguiding member 71.

The float 76 is preferably composed of cork or like material and formedto surround the cylindrical portion 59 of the casting 17. Thearrangement is such that the gasolene coming in from the extension 73will fill up the casing 68 to a point substantially in alinement withthe top of the perforation 46 to which end the liquid will flow inthrough the opening 60 into the involute channel 63, through the opening64 into the bore 61 and then through the opening 46. to the channel 66.The float 76 will be so arranged and adjusted relative to its controlpin 78 that the tapered portion 7 9 will seat on the seat 72 when theliquid has risen to the aforesaid level and thereby shut off any furtherentrance of liquid until the supply has been diminished to extend belowsuch level.

For actuating the valve 20 and valve portion 21 the lever 80, Figs. 1, 2and '3, is provided, which is screw-threadedly connected to the upperend of the stem portion 39 of the valve portion 21, to which such lever80 may be locked by means of the bifurcated portion 81 of the lever 80through which the screw 82 extends.

On the cylindrical portion 33 of the valve 20 above the cover 19 isfixed the bracket 83 having the arms 84 and 85, the bracket 83 beingadapted to be locked to the cylindrical portion 33 by means of thebifurcated portion 86, Fig. 2, through which the screw 87 extends. Thearms 84 and 85 are provided with the screws 88 and 89, Figs. 2 and 3,respectively at their ends, such screws 88 and 89 being also adapted tobe locked in place by means of the bifurcated portions 90 and 91 throughwhich the screws 92 and 93 respectively extend. The arms 84 and 85 aredisposed at an angle a little more than ninety degrees relative to eachother with the arm 94 extending upwardly from the cover 19 disposedbetween them, and with the heads of the screws 88 and 89 extending awayfrom the arm 94 so that the other ends of the screws 88 and 89 willcoiiperate with the arm 94 to limit the movement of the bracket 83, thescrews 88 and 89 being adjustable to produce the best results. To fixthe valve portion 21 relative to the valve portion 20, the arm 95' isprovided which is screw-threadedly connected to the stem portion 39 andmay be locked thereto by the coiiperation of the bifurcated end 96 ofthe arm 94 and screw 97 which extends through said end 96. The outer endof the arm 95 is provided with an elongated portion 98 in which there isformed a curved slot 99 concentric with the path of movement of said arm95 about said stem portion 39. Extending throughthe slot 99 there isprovided a pin 100 which may be secured in any portion of said slot 99by the nut 101. The lower end of the-pin Thus, it will be seen that thevalve 20 may be locked to travel with the valve portion 21, and theinvolute channel63 within a predetermined limited extent of movementadjusted relative to the openings 36 and 37, by means of'thecoiiperation of the slot 99 and pin 100.

In the adjustment of the device, obviously the bracket 83 will be sopositioned relative to the arm 9-1 and the screws 88 and 89 relative tosaid arm 94 that the openings 36 and 37 will register with the openings30 and 31 to full open position and to full closed position in the twoextreme positions of the bracket 83; and then the valve portion 21 po--sitioned relative to the valve 20 so that its involute channel 63 willform a communication with the opening 60 when the openings 36 and 37 arein their extreme closed position, and also form a communication with theopening 60 when the openings 36 and 37 are in their extreme openposition; and then the arm 95 so positioned relative to; the stem 39that it may adjust said involute channel 63 to afford greater or smallercommunica' tions from the casing 68 to the bore 61 relative to theextreme positions of the openings 36 and 37. The adjustment of theinvolute channel 63 by the arm 95 obviously need only be made when thecarbureter is installed, and to suit various climatic conditions.

From the foregoing it is obvious that when the openings 36 and 37register with the openings 30 and 31 to form the extreme open position,and the engine is started, the air -will be sucked in through the intake65 and at the start cooperate with the low level of the gasolene in thechannel 66, and in its upward rapid movement through the funnel orconical shaped member 45 break up such liquid into spray, thereuponfurther mix with the auxiliary air coming in through the registeredopenings 30 and 36 in the valve 20, and then pass through the registeredopenings 37 and 31 through the throttle outlet 25 into the engine, andsuch action continue with the exception that with the increased speed ofthe engine the liquid traveling up the bore 61 will be sucked up to theopenings 46 and travel through them into the funnel or conical shapedmember 45 to mix with the incoming air and be passed into the engine.

On the other hand, when the valve 20 is so positioned that the opening30 is completely shut off, the air and gasolene may still travel upthrough the funnel or conical shaped member into the valve 20 and fromthere through the openings 38 through the opening 31 into the throttleoutlet 25 and then into the engine. I

Figs. 9 and 12 show the respective positions of the openings 36 and 37when the opening 31 is completely shut off and passage permitted throughthe opening 30 only through the openings 38; Figs. 10 and 13 show therespective positions of the openings 36 and 37 when the opening 31 ispartially closed and passage through the opening 30 permitted by meansof part of the opening 36 andonly two of the openings 38; and Figs. 11and 14 show the respective positions of the openings 36 and 37 when theopenings 30 and 31 are completely opened;

A particular feature of the present construction is the arrangementwhereby both the vali e 20 and valve portion 21 are secured to the cover19 which is secured to the casting 15 by two screws 105 and 106, Figs. 1and 3, and thus when it is desired to clean the channel 66 or the valve20, it is only necessary to remove the screws 105 and 106,

thereby removing the cover 19 and with it to the mixing chamber, therebeing a communication from said mixing chamber to said throttle outlet,an air intake, there being a communication from said air intake aboutthe outer surface of said hood to the constricted end thereof and theninto said hood, a stem extending through the mixing chamber, a chamberedextension at the lower end of said stem extending through the hood, achambered member extending into the reservoir, the chambered extensionbeing disposed therein there being a communication from said reservoirthrough said chambered member into said chambered extension, there beingcommunications from said chambered extension to the interior of saidhood so that the air passage through said hood will draw the fuel fromsaid reservoir through the communications in said extension up throughsaid hood to said mixing chamber, the extension having a tapered lowerportion, the upper chambered portion of the chambered member beingtapered to receive the lower tapered portion of the chambered said airintake direct to said mixing chamber, there being a communication fromsaid cation from said mixing chamber to said 1 throttle outlet, a stemextending through the mixing chamber, a chambered extension at the lower end of said stem extending through i the funnel or conical shapedmember, a chambered member extending into the reservoir, thechamberedextension being disposed therein, there being a communication from saidreservoir through said chambered member into saidchambered extension,there being'communications from said chambered extensionjtothe interiorofti-the said funnel or. conical "shaped memberso that the air passingthroligh said funnel or conical shaped member will draw the fuel fromsaid reservoir through the communications in said extension up throughsaid funnel or conical shaped member to said mixing chamber, a springabutment on said stem, and a spring strained between said cylmdricalvalve and said spring abutment for normally maintaining the lowertapered portion securely inthe chambered portion of said chamberedmember.

3. A carbureter comprising a throttle outlet, a mixing chamber, a fuelreservoir, a funnel or conical shaped member between saidfuel reservoirand said mixing chamber,

there being a communication from said mixing chamber to said throttleoutlet, an air intake, there being a communication from said air intakedirect to said mixing chamber, there being a communication from said airintake to the constricted end of said funnel or conical shaped member, acylindrical valve in said mixing chamber having openings to cooperaterespectively with the communication from said air intake and with thecommunication to said throttle outlet, a

stem extending through the mixing chamber,

a chambered extension at the lower end of said stem extending throughthe funnel or conical shaped member, a chamberedvmember extending intothe reservoir, the chambered extension being disposed therein, therecommunications in said extension up through said funnel or conicalshaped member to said mixing chamber, a bracket fixed to saidcylindrical valve and disposed above the same, an arm for cooperatingwith said bracket to define the limit of movement of said cylindricalvalve, a second arm fixed to said stem, and a pin operatively connectingsaid second arm with said bracket so that the stem and cylindrical valvewill operate together.

4. A carbureter comprising a throttle outlet, a mixing chamber, a fuelreservoir, a funnel or conical shaped member between said fuel reservoirand said mixing chamber, there being a communication from saidmixingchamber to said throttle outlet, an air *"ii'ntake, there being acommunication from said air intake direct to said mixing chamber, therebeing a communication from said air intake to the constricted end ofsaid funnel or conical shaped member, a cylindrical valve in said mixingchamber having openings to cooperate respectively with the communicationfrom said air intake and with the communication to said throttle outlet,the cylindrical valve being operable to simultaneously shut off thedirect communication from said air intake to said mixing chamber and tovary the size of communica-' tion from said mixing chamber to saidthrottle outlet, a stem extending through the mixing chamber, achambered extension at the lower end of said stem extending through thefunnel or conical shaped member, achambered member extending into thereservoir, the chambered extension being disposed therein, there bein aport from said reservoir through said 0 ambered member, there being asecondport from the chambered member into said chambered extension, andthere being an involute channel along the outer periphery of saidchambered extension terminating at one end at the second port, theinvolute channel serving as the controlling passage from the first portto said second port.

5. A carbureter comprising a throttle outlet, a mixing chamber, a fuelreservoir, a funnel or conical shaped member between said fuel reservoirand said mixing chamber, there being a communication from said mixingchamber to said throttle outlet, an air intake, there being acommunication from said air intakedirect'to said mixing chamber, therebeing a communication from said air intake to the constricted end ofsaid funnel or conical shaped member,'a cylindrical valve in said mixingchamber having openings to cooperate respectively with the communicationfrom sald air intake and with the communication to said throttle outlet,the cylindrical valve being operable to simultaneously shut off thedirect communication from said air intake to said mixing chamber and tovary the size of communica-' tion from said'mixingchamber to saidthrottle outlet, a stem extending through the mixv port, means foroperatively connecting said stem with said cylindrical valve, and meansconnected to said stem for controlling the involute passage whereby thecommunications from-said. air intake to said mixing chamber and fromsaid mixing chamber to said throttle outlet will also be controlled.

6. A carbureter comprisin a throttle outlet, a mixing chamber, a 'fl ielreservoir, a funnel or conical shaped member between said fuel reservoirand said. mixing chamber, there being a communicatlon from said ml ingchamber to said throttle outlet, an an intake, there being acommunication from 7 said air" intake direct to said mixing chamber,therebeing a communication from said air intake to the constricted endof said funnel or conicalshaped member, a cylindrical. valve in saidmixing chamber having openings to cooperate respectivelyv with the'communlcation from said air'J-intake and with the communication to saidthrottle out- .to simultaneously shut off the let, the cylindrical"valve bein operable irect communication from said air intake to saidmixing chamber and to vary the size of communication from said mixingchamber to said throttle outlet, through the mixing chamber, a chambereextension at the lower end of said stem extending through the funnel or'conical shaped member, a chambered member .ex-

tending into the reservoir, the chambered extension being disposedtherein, there being a port from said reservoir through said chamberedmember, there being a second port from the chambered member into saidchambered extension, there bein an involute channel along the outerperlphery of said chambered extension terminatin at one end at thesecond port, the involute c iannel serving as the controlling passagefrom the first port to said second port, a bracket fixed to saidcylindrical valve and disposed above the same, an arm for coiiperatingwith said bracket to define the limit of movement of said cylindricalvalve, a second arm fixed to'said stem, and a pin operatively connectastem extendin ing said second arm with said bracket so let, amixingchamber, a fuel reservoir, a

funnel or conical shaped member between sa d fuel reservoir and saidmixing chamber, there belng a commumcatlonfrom said mix- .ing chamber tosaid throttle outlet, an air intake, there being a communication fromsaid an lntake direct to said mixing chamber, there being acommunication from said air intake to the constricted end of said funnelor conical shaped member, a cylindrical valve-in said mixing chamberhavingopenin'gs to cotiperate respectively with the communication fromsaid air intakeand withthe communication to said throttle outlet, a stemextending through the mixing chamber, a chambered extension at the lower.end of said stem extending through the funnel or conical shapedm'ember, a chambered-member extending into the reservoir, the chamberedextension 3 being disposed therein, there being a communication fromsaid reservoir through said chambered mem- -ber into said chamberedextension, there being communications from said chambered extension tothe interior of the said Venturi tube so that the air passing from saidfunnel or conical shaped member will draw the fuel from. said reservoirthrough the communications in said extension up through said funml orconical shaped member to said mixin' chamber, a bracket fixed to said'cylin-- drical valve and disposed above the same, an arm forcooperating with said bracket to define the limit of movement of saidcylindrical valve, a second arm fixed to said stem a pin operatlvelyconnecting said secon arm with said bracket so that the stem and."cylindrical valve will operate together, a

cover for said mixing chamber, the cylindrical valve being anchored tosaid cover, and means for securing said cover, to said mixing chamber,the removal of said securing means permitting the removal ofthe coverand with it the cylindrical valve and stem for the purpose of cleaning.-

8. A carbureter embracing four main cast ings, one of said castingsforming a throttle outlet and a mixing chamber, the second castingforming the air intake and air passa es, the third casting formin theVenturi to e and a cup shaped mem er, and the fourth casting forming thefuel reservoir, the third casting being secured to said first castingand anchoring between said first casting and said third casting thesecond casting, means for securing the fourth casting to the thirdcasting, the cup shaped member forming the cover for said fuelreservoir, a cover for said first casting, a securing means permittingthe removal of valve for controlling the throttle outlet anthe cover andwith it the first valve and 10 chored to said first casting, a secondvalve second valve for the purpose 0.? cleaning. 1 for controlling thesupply of fuel from said 5 reservoir to said Venturi tube, the second IFRED L valve being operatively connected to said Witnesses:

first valve, and means for securing the cover GUSTAV Dreams,

to said first casting, the removal of said H. D. PENNEY.

